Triệu chứng bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2

10 triệu chứng phổ biến của bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2

Tiểu đường, hay còn gọi là bệnh đái tháo đường, là một trong những bệnh lý phổ biến và có tốc độ gia tăng nhanh nhất hiện nay. Mỗi năm, có hàng trăm triệu người trên thế giới mắc căn bệnh này, nhưng chỉ một số ít nắm được triệu chứng bệnh tiểu đường.

Tiểu đường thường được gọi là “tên sát nhân thầm lặng” chính bởi các triệu chứng dễ bỏ qua của nó. Vậy bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2 là gì? Vì sao bị tiểu đường tuýp 2? Các dấu hiệu, triệu chứng phố biến nhất của bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2 là gì? Cùng tìm SIAKI đi sâu tìm hiểu về bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2 và các triệu chứng thường gặp qua bài viết sau đây.

triệu chứng bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2

Tiểu đường tuýp 2 là gì? Vì sao bị tiểu đường tuýp 2?

Tiểu đường vốn là căn bệnh đặc trưng bởi lượng đường trong máu tăng cao vượt mức giới hạn bình thường. Trong khi nồng độ insulin – hormon được tạo ra từ tuyến tụy, ở người tiểu đường tuyp1 bị thiếu hụt trầm trọng thì với tiểu đường tuýp 2, tuyến tụy vẫn có khả năng sản xuất đủ insulin, tuy nhiên chúng không thể vận chuyển glucose từ máu đi vào các tế bào, hiện tượng này còn gọi là đề kháng insulin làm đường trong máu bắt đầu tăng cao. Các tế bào liên tục bị thiếu năng lượng nên cơ thể đã cố gắng để bù đắp lại bằng cách tăng kích thích tuyến tụy sản xuất insulin nhiều hơn nữa. Cuối cùng, tuyến tụy cũng đến bước “kiệt sức” và mất dần khả năng bài tiết insulin để xử lý lượng đường trong cơ thể. Đến giai đoạn này, người bệnh cũng sẽ cần được tiêm insulin để điều trị như với tiểu đường tuyp 1.

Tiểu đường tuyp 2 được coi là một bệnh mạn tính có tính chất gia đình. Điều đó không có nghĩa rằng, nếu cha mẹ bị tiểu đường tuyp2 thì con cái sẽ chắc chắn sẽ mắc phải bệnh này, thực tế là họ chỉ có nguy cơ lớn hơn so với những người bình thường khác.

Yếu tố quyết định bệnh tiểu đường có xuất hiện ở những người có gen di truyền hay không sẽ phụ thuộc rất nhiều vào lối sống sinh hoạt hàng ngày. Nếu biết cách chăm sóc tốt sức khỏe của mình thì chắc chắn bạn sẽ tránh được rủi ro xảy ra. Bệnh tiểu đường tuyp 2 thường khởi phát ở những người lớn đã trưởng thành. Tuy nhiên, ngày càng nhiều trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên đang đứng trước nguy cơ mắc bệnh tiểu đường tuyp 2, bởi chế độ ăn uống thiếu khoa học, sử dụng các món ăn nhanh nhiều dầu béo ít chất xơ, trong khi lười vận động thể chất, béo phì thừa cân đã làm tăng khả năng xuất hiện đề kháng insulin.

Cách tốt nhất để biết mình có mắc bệnh không là xét nghiệm máu. Nhưng nếu bạn thấy mình có các triệu chứng dưới đây, hãy đến gặp bác sĩ, theo lời khuyên của bác sĩ Maria Collazo-Clavell, từ Bệnh viện Mayo (Mỹ), trên Health:

Triệu chứng bệnh tiểu đường tuýp 2 – 10 dấu hiệu cảnh báo rất có thể bạn đang bị tiểu đường tuýp 2

1. Tiểu nhiều, khát nhiều

Nếu bạn muốn đi tiểu thường xuyên – đặc biệt nếu bạn thường phải thức dậy giữa đêm để vào toilet, đó có thể là dấu hiệu của tiểu đường.

Những quả thận phải hoạt động mạnh để loại bỏ lượng đường dư thừa trong máu, vì thế nó sẽ thúc bạn thức dậy – có khi là vài lần – trong đêm. Còn khát nhiều nghĩa là cơ thể bạn đang cố gắng để bù lại lượng dịch đã mất đi.

Hai triệu chứng này luôn đi kèm với nhau, và “là cách mà cơ thể bạn cố gắng để kiểm soát tình trạng đường trong máu tăng cao”.

2. Đói dữ dội

Những cơn đói dữ dội là một dấu hiệu khác của tiểu đường, có thể bắt nguồn từ việc đường máu quá cao hoặc quá thấp. Khi đường máu tụt dốc, cơ thể nghĩ rằng nó không được ăn, và nài xin thêm glucose để cần cho hoạt động tế bào.

3. Giảm cân nhanh

Việc có quá nhiều đường trong máu cũng đẩy nhanh quá trình giảm cân – có thể từ 5 đến 10 cân trong vòng 2-3 tháng – nhưng đây không phải là tín hiệu vui.

Bởi vì hoóc môn insulin không đưa được đường glucose vào trong tế bào – nơi nó sẽ được sử dụng làm năng lượng, vì thế cơ thể nghĩ rằng nó đang “đói” và bắt đầu phá hủy các protein của những bó cơ để làm nguyên liệu thay thế.

Hai quả thận của bạn khi đó cũng phải làm việc cật lực để loại bỏ lượng đường dư, và điều này lại cần đến rất nhiều năng lượng. “Những quá trình này đều tiêu hao nhiều năng lượng, vì thế bạn bị thiếu hụt calo”.

4. Mắc các bệnh về da

Da ngứa – có lẽ là kết quả của việc da bị khô hoặc tuần hoàn kém – thường là dấu hiệu của tiểu đường, cùng với các bệnh về da khác như thâm da (quanh cổ hoặc hõm nách).

Những người có các dấu hiệu này chắc chắn đã có hiện tượng kháng insulin, dù cho đường máu của họ có thể chưa cao. Vì thế, khi thấy dấu hiệu này, bạn nên đi kiểm tra đường máu.

5. Lâu lành vết thương

Nhiễm trùng, vết xước và các chỗ thâm tím không lành nhanh là một dấu hiệu điển hình khác của bệnh tiểu đường.

Điều này xảy ra do các mạch máu bị hư hại bởi có quá nhiều glucose di chuyển trong các tĩnh mạch, động mạch. Nó khiến cho máu khó lưu thông đến các vùng khác nhau của cơ thể – một điều cần thiết để vá lành vết thương.

6. Nhiễm nấm candida và các loại nấm khác

Tiểu đường khiến cho cơ thể rất nhạy cảm với các viêm nhiễm, phổ biến là nấm candida và các loại nấm khác. Nấm và vi khuẩn đều sinh sôi mạnh trong môi trường giàu đường.

Đặc biệt, phụ nữ cần cảnh giác khi nhiễm nấm candida âm đạo thường xuyên, bởi đó có thể là dấu hiệu bạn bị tiểu đường.

7. Giảm thị lực

Nhìn nhòe, thấy chớp sáng hoặc thấy vật bay qua là hậu quả trực tiếp của lượng đường trong máu tăng cao.

Đó là vì khi glucose máu cao, nó làm thay đổi hình thái của thủy tinh thể và mắt. Tin vui là triệu chứng này sẽ đảo ngược khi đường máu trở lại bình thường. Tuy nhiên, nếu để tình trạng đường máu cao không kiểm tra trong thời gian dài, glucose sẽ làm thay đổi tròng mắt vĩnh viễn, có thể gây mù, và không thể phục hồi.

8. Ngứa ran hoặc tê bì chân tay

Hiện tượng ngứa ran và tê bì ở bàn tay, bàn chân, cùng với cơn đau nóng bỏng hoặc sưng, là các dấu hiệu cho thấy các dây thần kinh đang bị bệnh tiểu đường phá hoại.

“Nếu các triệu chứng đó mới xuất hiện, có thể sẽ đảo ngược được”. Đó là lý do vì sao chúng ta phải cố gắng kiểm soát đường máu càng sớm càng tốt.

9. Mệt mỏi và hay cáu gắt

Tiểu đường khiến bạn mệt mỏi do phải dậy đêm thường xuyên, và do cơ thể bạn phải vật lộn để bù lại lượng đường thiếu hụt. Khi đó bạn sẽ trở nên dễ nổi cáu.

10. Các triệu chứng về đường máu

Muốn kiểm tra tiểu đường, bạn cần làm vài xét nghiệm, trong đó có xét nghiệm đường máu vào buổi sáng khi chưa ăn gì. Nếu đường máu vượt quá 126 mg/dL trong hai lần, nghĩa là bạn đã bị tiểu đường. Nếu từ 100 đến 125 mg/dL, bạn bị coi là tiền tiểu đường. Nhỏ hơn 99mg/dL là bình thường.

Ngoài ra, quý khách có thể xem thêm về dấu hiệu bệnh tiểu đường

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